Gum disease is a common oral health condition that affects over 40% of people living in the United States over the age of 30. Once the disease begins it can be a challenge to manage and can require professional intervention from a periodontist to repair lost gum and bone tissue.  

The best course of action is prevention. How do you prevent gum disease? Here’s what dentist’s recommend. 

What is Gum Disease?

Gum disease, known as  periodontal disease, is a bacterial infection of the gum tissue causing the body to lose supporting bone and gum around the teeth. When plaque builds up on the teeth, the bacteria contained within it can infect your gums. As gum disease progresses, the gum tissue pulls away from the teeth and the jaw bone deteriorates. The teeth can become loose and eventually come out.  

Brush Your Teeth and Floss. 

Oral hygiene is the number 1 preventive method of avoiding gum disease. Using a soft bristled tooth brush and flossing or water piking daily to remove the bacteria around your teeth will prevent the bacteria from destroying gum tissue. Brush your teeth once in the morning and once at night. Try to avoid eating after brushing your teeth at night. Flossing or water piking at night is important as it can get the food in between the teeth out as well as stimulate the gum tissue.  

Go To the Periodontist

Dental cleanings and oral examinations are recommended every 2-6 months depending on your gum disease severity and history. A periodontist will check your bone and gum levels to see if any tissue loss is occurring as well as provide you with good cleanings to remove the bacteria from the teeth and gums. 

Decrease processed foods and sugar intake

Ultra processed foods contain chemicals and preservatives that increase inflammation throughout your body including in your mouth. This increase in inflammation can cause gum disease. Refined sugar can also increase inflammation as well as cause cavities which break down the enamel in the teeth as well as increase gum bleeding. Whole foods that are rich in nutrients will nourish your body and mouth causing healthy gums and bone. 

Manage Your Blood Sugar and Insulin

Diabetes is the number one risk for gum disease. High circulating levels of sugar can cause inflammation in the body leading to gum and bone tissue breakdown.  By properly managing your blood sugar and insulin, you can reduce your risk of gum disease. 

Avoid Smoking and Vaping

Smoking is the second highest risk factor for developing gum disease. Both cigarettes and vape contain chemicals that adversely affect the gum and bone. Smoking also increases your risk of gum disease by weakening your immune system, limiting the growth and healing of blood vessels, and decreasing oxygen which can repair damaged tissue. 

Drink Plenty of Alkaline Water 

Drinking alkaline water will keep your mucous membranes in your mouth moist and promote healthy saliva. Saliva contains immune cells and proteins which can fight bacteria that cause gum disease. Water also washes the bacteria out of the mouth and prevents them from taking hold and causing problems. 

Frequently Asked Questions About Gum Disease 

Can gum disease be cured? 

Once gum disease has reached the moderate or advanced stages, it can be treated and managed but not necessarily cured. The infection can be kept in check and the damage to the gums and jaw bone can be repaired, reducing the effects of gum disease. 

How common is gum disease? 

Almost half of American adults, 42%, are estimated to have some form of gum disease. Your risk increases with age, making it more common in older adults. 

Schedule a Deep Cleaning With Your Periodontist

If you are prone to gum disease, having a periodontist examine your mouth and clean your gums can prevent gum disease from occuring or advancing.  Scott H. Froum, DDS, PC provides periodontal maintenance to treat and prevent gum disease on a frequency that fits your needs and schedule. 

Call 212-751-8530 or contact us today to learn more and schedule an appointment. 

Are you looking for a periodontist? If you’re not already familiar with the field of periodontics, a periodontist is a dentist who specializes in conditions and treatment of the support structures for the teeth, primarily the gums and bone. 

Your general dentist may have recommended that you see a periodontist for a specific type of treatment or procedure, and may have even given you a referral. But how do you find the best periodontist near you? Here’s what to look for. 

Qualifications

A highly qualified periodontist can provide the best possible care. Look at the education and credentials of any periodontist you are considering. If that information is not readily available on their website, contact the practice and ask for it. A periodontist should have completed their dental degree as well as additional training to earn a certification in periodontics. Look for signs of diplomate status with different organizations as well as continuing education. A periodontist that teaches at a dental school may also be up on the latest techniques and best practices as they constantly change. 

Experience

How long has the periodontist been practicing? How long have they practiced at this location? Experience is an important factor in finding a quality periodontist. Training and education is important, but experience performing the services and procedures patients need is crucial to success. If the practice is new, find out where the periodontist practiced before and who they trained under. 

Awards 

Has the practice received any awards? There are many different review and rating systems out there for all kinds of dental practices, as well as other awards and accolades that a periodontal practice can achieve. Some are local and others are nationally recognized. 

Up to Date Technology and Techniques

Does the practice seem modern and equipped with current technology? Dental technology is always evolving to improve the patient experience and provide better care. Look for a periodontal practice that uses technology and continually updates their technology as new advancements become available. This can mean better diagnostics, greater comfort, and faster recovery for you. 

Membership in Professional Organizations

One way dental professionals keep up to date with current best practices and technological advancements is through memberships with professional organizations. Some examples include the American Dental Association, the American Academy of Periodontology, the American Academy of Implant Dentistry, and the American Association for Dental Research. 

Variety of Services

Does the practice offer a variety of dental and periodontal services? Choosing a practice that offers a wide range of services increases the chances that they will be able to meet your needs. You may know what type of procedure you need right now, but your periodontal needs may change over time and you don’t want to have to start your search for a specialist all over again. 

Patient-Centered Focus 

Do you feel as if the practice puts patients first? You can find signs of patient-centered focus by searching the practice’s website and reading reviews online about the practice. Do patients report feeling cared for and prioritized? This information is a valuable source to give you an idea of the type of care you can expect to receive. 

In-Network With Your Insurance

If you have dental insurance, many periodontal services and procedures may be covered under your plan. Find out if the practice you are considering is in-network with your insurance provider. In-network means that the cost of services has been pre-negotiated, often at a lower rate than for out-of-network providers. Some practices may accept your insurance, which means they will accept whatever amount your insurance provider is willing to pay, and you will be responsible for the remaining amount. 

Why Choose Scott H. Froum, DDS, PC?

Dr. Froum is a highly qualified, experienced periodontist in New York City, offering a wide range of periodontal services. We are proud to have received the Best Periodontist Manhattan award in 2022 and 2023. Dr. Froum is a volunteer professor at the SUNY Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine in the Department of Periodontics. Our patients are the center of our focus, which is why we keep up to date with current technology and best practices to provide the highest quality periodontal services. 

Please call 212-751-8530 or contact us for more information about our practice and to schedule an appointment.

Periodontics is the field of dentistry that focuses on the support structures for the teeth, including the jaw, gums, and bone. Your teeth can only be healthy and function properly if they have adequate support, which can be a separate but related issue in oral health. In certain cases problems with these support structures require treatment by a specialist. People can lose their teeth because of cavities as well a periodontal disease or loss of gum and bone around the teeth.

What is Periodontics? 

The primary focus of periodontics is treatment and prevention of gum disease. It also includes repair of damage resulting from gum disease. The health and function of the jaw is another major focus of periodontics. Periodontists also specialize in the placement of dental implants. 

Services a Periodontist Provides 

A periodontist typically provides the following periodontal services: 

• Periodontal cleanings. When you have or have had gum disease, periodontal maintenance refers to deep cleaning of the teeth on a customized schedule to eliminate the infection and prevent reinfection. 
• Gum grafting. Gum disease can cause the gum tissue to recede, or pull away from, the teeth. Gum grafting is a procedure to replace or regenerate the lost gum tissue. 
• Bone grafting. Loss of bone tissue in the jaw may result in the need for bone grafting. This procedure is most often performed to save teeth as well as in preparation for dental implant placement.  
• Crown lengthening. When there is excess gum tissue covering the teeth, it can increase the risk of developing gum disease. Crown lengthening is the process of removing the excess tissue to expose more tooth material. It is also done for cosmetic reasons and to prepare a tooth for a crown.  
• Dental implant placement. Periodontists also specialize in dental implant placement since they are implanted directly into the jaw bone. 
• Periodontal surgery. In cases of severe gum disease, surgical procedures are sometimes required to treat the infection and prevent reinfection. 
• Bad Breath. Halitosis is a problem caused by volatile sulfa compounds that can come from your mouth, gut, and nasal cavity. Specialized tests can be performed to find out where the bad breath is coming from and how it can be treated properly. 

How Does a Dentist Become a Periodontist?

A periodontist must first complete the requirements to become a general dentist, which involves earning a doctor of medical dentistry or a doctor of dental surgery degree. In addition, a periodontist must complete additional training and education in periodontics, typically three more years of advanced training in a specialty program. 

Why Do I Need a Periodontist? 

Your general dentist may refer you to a periodontist if:  

• You have severe or recurring gum disease. Sometimes special procedures are required that can provide a long term solution to keep gum disease at bay. 
• You have residual damage from gum disease. Gum disease can also cause damage to the gums and jaw bone, requiring specific procedures that are designed to repair the damage. 
• You have a tooth abscess or need a dental extraction. If you have pain in your jaw and tooth, you may have a gum infection that requires immediate treatment.
• You have excess or receding gum tissue. Periodontists provide procedures that correct problems with your gums. 
• You need one or more dental implants. Periodontists specialize in dental implant placement and any preparatory procedures that may be necessary. 

How Do I Find a Periodontist? 

Dr. Scott H. Froum DDS is a highly qualified periodontist in Midtown Manhattan. Dr. Froum provides a wide range of periodontal and dental services to treat gum disease, and improve the health of the support structures for your teeth. 

To learn more, call 212-751-8530 or contact us today to schedule an appointment.

Are you looking for a replacement option for a missing tooth? Whether your tooth has been missing for a while or you need to have a severely decayed or damaged tooth extracted, it is always in the best interest of your dental health to replace it so your teeth do not shift. 

If you’re considering dental implants, you may be wondering about some of the details. How long do dental implants last? How do they compare to dental bridges? Learn the answer to these questions and more. 

What is a Dental Implant? 

Dental implants provide a fully functional, natural looking replacement option for a missing tooth. It consists of 3 parts: the implant (screw), the abutment (post), and the prosthetic crown (tooth). The implant is a titanium or zirconia fixture with ridges like a screw. It is surgically placed in the jaw bone in the space where the missing tooth was. Titanium and zirconia  are biocompatible materials that fuse with the bone to form a solid bond. This process, called osseointegration, takes a few months. 

Once the implant has fused with the bone, the abutment can be added. This is the post the prosthetic will attach to. The next step is to complete the restoration by attaching the prosthetic crown, which can be a single crown, a bridge, or a full set of teeth. 

Average Lifespan of a Dental Implant 

The average life of the dental implant screw can vary from person to person. The person’s medical history, medications, bite force, habits, and smoking status can all affect the life of a dental implant. According to long term studies, implant screws can last the lifetime of a patient with averages of 10 years or greater. The tooth that fits on the dental implant can change over time, break, or wear down and may need to be replaced. Most post and crown life to be around 10 years before they wear down or need to be changed. 

How Do Dental Implants and Bridges Compare?

A bridge is another tooth replacement option. It can replace a single tooth or  a few teeth in a row. The prosthetic bridge that replaces one tooth consists of two crowns that fit over the natural teeth on either side of the gap. The artificial tooth or teeth are then connected to the crowns to form a single prosthetic piece that sits on top of the gums. The teeth that support the fake tooth in the middle need to be shaved down to have crowns fit over them. 

Dental implants have many advantages over bridges: 

• More secure. A dental implant stays in place more securely than a dental bridge. Bridges may not be able to withstand the same amount of bite force as a dental implant, so you may have to be more careful about what and how you eat. 
• Last longer. The average lifespan of a bridge in studies is about 7 years before needing to be replaced or fixed. Of course many bridges can last longer but typically implants can last longer than bridges.
• Won’t damage the healthy teeth. Dental implants exist completely independently and have no effect on your other teeth. Bridges require removal of healthy enamel to place the crowns that support them. After a while the chewing force can cause damage to the healthy teeth under the crowns. 
• Won't get cavities. For someone that gets cavities easily, implants are a great option because they do not decay unlike bridges
• Prevent bone loss in the jaw. A dental implant supports the health of the bone in your jaw and helps it keep its shape and density. A bridge doesn’t reach the jaw bone beneath it, which allows the bone to weaken and resorb, or dissolve over time as force on the bone is needed to keep it there. 

Are Dental Implants Worth It?

All of the advantages that dental implants have over bridges, especially the fact that they can last for the rest of your life, makes them the better choice for most patients. Dental implants also keep your jaw structure intact, no matter how many teeth you replace with implants. Even a full set of teeth supported by 4-6 implants are capable of preserving bone tissue. A dental implant is an investment in your lifelong dental health. 

Where Can I Get Dental Implants?

If you think dental implants are the right tooth replacement option for you, Dr. Scott H. Froum DDS provides many different types of implants to meet your needs. He has been placing dental implants for over 20 years and teaches implant dentistry at SUNY Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine in the Department of Periodontics. Our office is conveniently located in Midtown East NYC. 

Call 212-751-8530 or contact us today to learn more and schedule an appointment.

Gum disease, formally called periodontal disease, is a bacterial infection of the gums. It occurs when plaque builds up on the teeth and hardens into calculus. The bacteria contained in plaque and calculus infects the gum tissue causing your body to become inflamed, resulting in gum disease. 

Gum disease often goes undetected because patients don’t always recognize the symptoms and it may not hurt. Consider the top 5 signs of gum disease and call your periodontist if you notice these or other unusual symptoms. 

1. Red, swollen, and/or bleeding gums. 

Gum disease is an infection of the tissue, which means the typical symptoms of an infection will be present. The gum tissue may be red and swollen due to inflammation and irritation from the bacteria. The toxins released by the bacteria damage the small blood vessels in your gums so that they bleed easily when you brush, floss, or chew. If your gums look red and swollen or if you notice blood in the sink after brushing and flossing, you may have gum disease. 

2. Sore or tender gums. 

Gum disease may cause your gums to be tender, sore, or itch. The swelling and inflammation from the infection will cause the nerves to be particularly sensitive. If you feel pain in your gums when you brush, floss, or chew, you may have gum disease. 

3. Receding gums. 

The presence of gum disease causes the gum tissue to pull away from the teeth. This condition is called receding gums. If you notice that the gums are receding or that your teeth look longer than usual, it could be due to gum disease. This is not a normal aging process.  

4. Loose teeth. 

When gum disease causes the gum tissue and bone to pull away from the teeth, it leaves them inadequately supported. This can allow your teeth to become loose in their sockets, hurt when you bite into things, and eventually fall out of your mouth. 

5. Bad breath. 

The bacteria responsible for gum disease can cause you to develop bad breath. The bacteria in your mouth become overpopulated as the infection spreads, causing an unpleasant odor that can be noticeable to others, if not yourself. Chronic bad breath or a bad taste in your mouth that is not caused by something you ate could be a sign of gum disease. 

What To Do If You Have Any Of These Signs

If you are experiencing any of the above signs of gum disease, call your periodontist to schedule an evaluation. Gum disease can be treated, and as with most medical conditions, the sooner it is treated the better the outcome. 

Treatment for Gum Disease

There are two different types of treatment for gum disease: 

• Non-surgical treatment. The first step in treating gum disease is non-surgical. A deep cleaning of the teeth will be done in the form of scaling and root planing. Scaling is the removal of plaque and calculus from the teeth and roots under the gums. Root planing is the process of smoothing the surface of the roots to allow the gum tissue to reattach more firmly. Regular cleanings can then be scheduled to maintain this result. 
• Surgical treatment. When non-surgical treatment is ineffective at treating gum disease, surgical procedures may need to be used. Many different types of surgical options exist, and often a regenerative approach to rebuild lost bone and gum tissue can offer the best long term solution.

Who Treats Gum Disease? 

General dentists can treat gum disease in the early stages (gingivitis). However, if the infection becomes more severe, you may need to see a periodontist, a dentist that specializes in treating the support structures for the teeth. 

Scott Froum DDS, PC is a periodontist who specializes in the regenerative treatment of gum disease and related conditions. Our practice provides both surgical and nonsurgical treatment according to the severity of your condition. Our periodontal services also include using the latest technology and material to repair the damage caused by gum disease to restore your dental and oral health. 

Call 212-751-8530 or contact us today to learn more and schedule an appointment.

Bone loss can occur in the mouth due to a few different reasons. The problem with bone loss in the mouth is that it can leave the teeth unsupported or make it difficult to replace lost teeth. Is there anything that can be done to reverse bone loss? 

A periodontist may be able to help you recoup lost bone structure through a procedure called bone grafting. Here’s how it works. 

What is Bone Grafting? 

Bone grafting is a procedure to rebuild bone in the mouth and jaw. The procedure involves the placement of bone particles (human, animal, or artificial) under the gums and on top of the existing bone. The bone graft fortifies the existing jaw bone and encourages regrowth of your own bone. 

Bone grafting can be done in a single area where a tooth is missing bone or across many areas of teeth with bone loss. Bone grafting can also be used to build bone so you can get a dental implant placed. Regrowth of the bone can take a few months depending on the situation. 

What is a Periodontist? 

A periodontist is a dentist who specializes in rebuilding support structures for teeth and dental implants, including the gum tissue, jaw bone, and connective tissues that hold the teeth and implants in place. Periodontists have completed the education and training to be a general dentist, as well as an additional 3 years of training to become a periodontist. Because bone grafting is a specialized procedure that is performed on the jaw, it is most often done by a periodontist. 

What Causes Bone Loss in the Jaw? 

When one or more teeth are missing from the jaw, the bone can deteriorate as there are no tooth roots in the jaw bone that put stress on the jaw. That stress is what keeps the bone in place. Think of people in wheelchairs that don't use their legs and then the legs become thin and atrophy. The situation is very similar. The bone weakens and thins out as the body slowly dissolves the unused bone. In the absence of a tooth, the jaw bone gradually fades away. 

Gum disease and tooth infections can also cause deterioration of the jaw bone because bacteria that cause these infections destroy the gum and bone. As diseased gum and bone dissolve away from the teeth, the teeth can become loose and even fall out. Infection can spread from the gums and teeth to the jaw and cause damage to the bone. 

What is the Purpose of Bone Grafting? 

Missing teeth can affect your dental function and appearance. The best way to try and rebuild lost bone around teeth is through bone grafting. Bone grafts can be used to rebuild the lost bone caused by gum disease and dental infection so you can strengthen the support structures that hold the teeth in the jaw. 

If the teeth are already missing, bone grafting can be used to build sufficient bone so a dental implant can be placed into the bone so a tooth replacement can occur. Dental implants require a sufficient base of bone to be anchored in the jaw and bone grafting can help build the right amount of bone needed.  

How Do I Know if I Need Bone Grafting? 

If you have loose teeth, been told you have bone loss around your teeth, been told you have gum disease or are considering getting one or more dental implants, your periodontist can evaluate you and see if you are a candidate for bone grafting. 

Scott H. Froum DDS, PC Provides Bone Grafting

Bone grafting is most commonly performed by a periodontist. Dr. Froum specializes in treatments and procedures affecting the support structures for the teeth, including the jaw bone. We provide bone grafting for patients who have bone loss in the jaw in order to save their teeth or make getting dental implants possible.  

Call 212-751-8530 or contact us today to learn more and schedule an appointment.

Periodontal disease, more commonly known as gum disease is a condition that affects the gum tissue. It is an infection caused by bacteria contained in plaque and your body’s reaction to that bacteria. When plaque bacteria settles on the teeth along and under the gumline and remains there long enough, it may eventually infect the gum tissue, resulting in gum disease. 

If you’ve been referred to a periodontist for gum disease, you may be wondering how it is treated. Read on to learn about the various procedures used to treat and prevent gum disease, and those that repair damage caused by gum disease. 

Scaling and Root Planing 

Scaling and root planing are two procedures that are most often performed together for the treatment and prevention of gum disease. When plaque remains on the teeth without being brushed away, it hardens into calculus. Scaling is the process of removing calculus from the surface of the teeth and the roots below the gums. Root planing is performed after scaling to smooth out the root surface so that the gum tissue can reattach more firmly, preventing plaque and calculus from forming underneath. 

Growth Factors

Growth factors can be used to rebuild lost bone and gum tissue caused by gum disease. This technology has been ever increasing and now includes the use of stem cells, blood concentrates that harvest your own platelets, exosomes, and other proteins designed to increase your own body’s healing potential. The ability to repair lost bone and gum tissue using this technology allows for saving teeth that used to be considered hopeless . 

Bone Grafting 

Gum disease can cause damage to the bone of your jaw, causing it to weaken and deteriorate. Bone grafting can regenerate lost bone tissue to reverse the damage caused by gum disease and help keep the infection at bay. During a bone grafting procedure bone particles are surgically placed under the gums on top of the existing bone. The particles bond with the bone and encourage regrowth of the bone tissue over the course of a few months. Bone grafting is done to save your existing teeth or  in preparation for dental implants when they are needed to replace lost teeth. 

Gum Grafting 

Gum disease can also cause the gums to recede, or pull away from the teeth. This lost gum tissue can be replaced with gum grafting. Soft tissue is taken from donor tissue, animal tissue, or from the roof of the mouth and applied to the teeth where the gum tissue has receded. This provides better support for the teeth and protects the exposed roots from sensitivity and decay. 

Chao Pinhole® Surgical Technique (PST)

Another solution for receding gums is the Chao Pinhole® Surgical Technique (PST). Instead of taking the gum from the roof of the mouth, this method uses soft tissue grafts taken from bovine collagen in a box.  Through a tiny pin-sized hole in the gums, the natural tissue is stretched and guided to cover more of the tooth. The collagen grafts are then inserted into the tiny pin hole to add bulk and width to the gifted area. This method is less invasive than traditional gum grafting, increasing comfort and accelerating recovery. 

Laser Treatment

A dental laser can be used to treat gum disease by pin point laser therapy that  eliminates diseased tissue. Lasers naturally cauterize tissue so there is little or no bleeding as the tissue is vaporized. Laser therapy can address both bone disease and soft tissue disease as needed, making it a versatile method for the treatment of gum disease. 

Why Choose Scott H. Froum, DDS, PC?

If you have severe or chronic gum disease, a periodontist is the best dental specialist to provide treatment. Dr. Froum is a highly qualified periodontist who uses the latest technology and best practices in the field to treat gum disease and repair the resulting damage. We provide a variety of treatments and strategies in order to stop the progression of gum disease and restore your oral health. 

Call 212-751-8530 or contact us today to learn more and schedule an appointment.

Bad breath, or halitosis, is a common condition affecting 30-50% of Americans. Bad breath can have a negative impact on your life, both personally and professionally. Most people who have bad breath are not even aware of it. 

You may think that bad breath only comes from eating certain foods, such as onions and garlic. But chronic bad breath can come from a variety of causes. Here are the Top 10 causes of bad breath. 

1. Gum Disease

Gum disease is a bacterial infection of the gums caused by plaque on the teeth. The same type of plaque that causes tooth decay can also infect the gum tissue. The bacteria that causes gum disease can also cause bad breath by releasing volatile sulfa compounds associated with breath odor. 

2. Dry Mouth 

A lack of saliva production is characterized as a condition called dry mouth. When there is not enough saliva in the mouth to wash away the food particles, an increase in bacteria occurs that causes bad breath. Saliva also has antibacterial properties that eliminate breath odor.

3. Digestive Issues 

In some cases bad breath comes from a source outside the mouth. Digestive problems such as acid reflux (GERD), irritable bowel disease (IBD), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), digestive inflammation, and other related issues can cause bad breath. 

4. Medication 

Dry mouth can be caused by certain medications. Antihistamines, decongestants, antidepressants, muscle relaxers, and many other medications can lead to dry mouth and cause bad breath. 

5. Smoking 

The smell of cigarette smoke on your breath can be an unpleasant odor. Smoke can get into your oral tissue and stay there causing bad breath. Not only that, but smoking causes dry mouth, which is another cause of bad breath. 

6. Chronic Health Conditions 

Many long term or chronic health conditions can be the cause of bad breath. Diabetes, autoimmune disorders, cancer, Sjögren’s syndrome, heart disease, and immunocompromised conditions can all contribute to bad breath. 

7. Tooth Decay 

Tooth decay is caused by plaque, which contains bacteria that eat away your tooth enamel. As bacteria breaks down the tooth material, the waste left behind has an odor that affects your breath.

8. Dentures, bridges, braces

If you wear dentures or have dental prosthetics such as crowns or bridges, these can be a source of bad breath. When bacteria builds up on or under dental prosthetics, it can cause an unpleasant odor. If you have braces, retainers, clear aligners, or other orthodontic appliances, these can be a source of bad breath. As is the case with dental prosthetics, bacteria buildup is the culprit. 

9. Tonsil Stones

Tonsil stones are small lumps of hard material that form in the tonsils. Tonsil stones are yellowish or white and look like pebbles. Tonsil stones can cause bad breath though they’re usually not painful or harmful. They’re also called tonsilliths.

10. Nasal problems or sinus infections

Bacteria buildup in the sinuses can cause a sinus infection to develop. As the sinuses drain into the throat it can cause bad breath until the infection clears up. 

How is Bad Breath Treated? 

Treatment for bad breath depends on the source of the problem. If gum disease or tooth decay are the cause of bad breath then dental cavity treatment,  cleanings, antibiotic protocols, and mouth probiotics may be needed to eliminate bad breath. Taking extra care to clean dentures and removable orthodontic appliances can remove the bacteria that are causing bad odors. Fixed orthodontic appliances and braces may require special tools to clean them more effectively. Quitting smoking will also give you fresher breath. 

When it comes to conditions such as dry mouth, it depends on the cause. If your dry mouth is due to medications you are taking, it may help to change the type of medication you take with the approval of your doctor. There are ways to treat dry mouth, such as mouthwashes and medications. 

If the cause of your bad breath is a separate medical condition, tests to diagnose gut imbalance or sinus problems may be warranted. 

Who Should I See for Bad Breath Treatment?

If you have or think you may have bad breath, a periodontist may be able to help. Periodontists diagnose and treat conditions affecting the gums and other support structures for the teeth. Bad breath is often caused by gum disease that has gone untreated. Scott H. Froum, DDS, PC provides effective treatment for gum disease that can get the infection under control and eliminate your bad breath. 
Call 212-751-8530 or contact us today to learn more and schedule an appointment.

Do it yourself home remedies and social media health hacks have become popular over the last few years. Gum disease is an infection of the bone and gum tissue surrounding the teeth due to the build up of bacteria contained in plaque and tartar. The bacteria can cause infections of the gums leading to loss of gum tissue and bone. Eventually you can develop loose teeth that may come out of your mouth. Seeing a periodontist regularly and getting professional cleanings is the best way to keep your gums healthy but these are home treatments you can perform to help save your teeth.

1. Improve Oral Hygiene – Brushing, oral irrigators, and flossing your teeth at least twice a day can help remove plaque and bacteria from your mouth and reduce your risk of gum disease.
2. Saltwater Rinse – Mix one teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water and swish it around your mouth for 30 seconds. This can help reduce inflammation and irritation in the gums.
3. Improve Your Gut Bacteria – Gut dysbiosis and leaky gut can have direct effects on your mouth. Using a probiotic, controlling GERD, and H. Pylori can help prevent gum problems.
4. Eat Vitamin-Rich Foods – Eating foods high in vitamins B3, B6, B9, B12, A, C, and D can help improve gum health and reduce inflammation.
5. Avoid Sugary Foods – Sugary foods can increase the risk of gum disease by promoting the growth of bacteria in the mouth.
6. Quit Smoking and Vaping – Smoking and vaping are known to increase the risk of gum disease, so quitting can reduce your risk.
7. Use an Electric Toothbrush – An electric toothbrush can help reduce plaque and bacteria by removing more plaque than a manual toothbrush.
8. Use an Antiseptic Mouthwash – Using an antiseptic mouthwash can help reduce bacteria and reduce the risk of gum disease.
9. Use Natural Remedies – Natural remedies such as tea tree oil, aloe vera, chamomile, and hydrogen peroxide can help reduce bacteria and inflammation in the gums.
10. Visit the Periodontist Regularly – Regular visits to the periodontist can help diagnose and treat gum disease before it becomes severe.

If you are interested in more home remedies that you can do please contact us and schedule a consultation appointment.

Gum disease, which is also known as periodontal disease affects close to 50% of American adults and is caused by a combination of bacteria and how the body’s immune system reacts to that bacteria. Since everyone is different, bacteria accumulation from missing dental cleanings and/or bad home care can cause gum disease in some people and not others. Genetics play a large role in who develops gum disease. Some common signs include:

• Red, swollen, puffy, and/or bleeding gums
• Receding gums, or gum recession, usually termed ‘long in the tooth’
• Persistent bad breath, bad taste, or a change in taste in the mouth
• Loose teeth
• Changes in the way your denture fits
• Itchy gums
• Food starts to get stuck in your teeth
• Pain in the teeth
• Changes in your bite
• Pus around the teeth and gums

It's important to note that gum disease is often painless in its early stages, and oftentimes does not begin to hurt until it becomes acutely infected. See your periodontist to check for signs of gum disease so gum treatment can be provided before the disease gets worse.

Frequently asked questions by people who may have the signs of gum disease:

Can gum disease only affect my gums?

No, gum disease can also affect the bone and gum tissue that support your teeth. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss of both and cause the tooth to become loose.

Are bleeding gums always a sign of gum disease?

Bleeding gums can be a sign of gum disease, but they can also be caused by other factors such as trauma or brushing too hard or using a toothbrush with hard bristles. If you notice your gums are bleeding, it's important to see a dentist to determine the cause.

Can gum disease only occur in older people?

No, gum disease can occur in people of all ages. It is more common in older adults, but it can also affect younger people. Certain types of gum disease (most often genetically determined) can affect people in their teens and be very aggressive. Factors such as poor oral hygiene, smoking, genetics, and certain medical conditions can increase the risk of developing gum disease.

Can gum disease be reversed?

In its early stages, gum disease can be reversed with proper oral hygiene and professional dental cleanings. However, once the disease has progressed to a more advanced stage, it can only be reversed with surgical regenerative medicine. As with any disease, the earlier it is treated, the better the outcome for success.

If you notice signs of gum disease, please contact us to set up a consultation appointment

Halitosis, also commonly known as “bad breath,” is a concern of many patients seeking help from the periodontist as bad breath is usually associated with oral conditions. Cavities, gum disease, dry mouth, tonsil stones, poor salivary flow, acidic oral environments, and the consumption of odorous foods can all be attributed to causing bad breath. The hygienist or dentist will typically tell a patient to brush, floss, rinse, and drink more water to combat this problem.

What if bad breath is not coming from your mouth?

In that case the dentist/hygienist may tell the patient there is nothing wrong. In some cases, a referral to an Ear nose and throat (ENT) or a Gastroenterologist is made. Although  oral conditions can contribute to about 60-70% of the etiology behind bad breath, the gut can play a major role (20-30%) behind a person’s bad breath. Most people who have bad breath from the digestive system describe a rotten egg/fish/meat smell due to the bacteria in the digestive system that break down food products into sulfa gases. Sulfur-digesting bacteria and other organisms in your digestive system utilize sulfur compounds within food, producing hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, and methyl mercaptan as an end product. This can make your breath smell bad and give you chronic halitosis.

What are the top 5 digestive issues accounting for halitosis?

1. H. Pylori

H. Pylori is a type of bacteria that exists within your normal gut microbiota but, when out of balance, can cause duodenal and stomach ulcers.

2. GERD 

Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) is a very common digestive system disorder that can cause bad breath. GERD is caused by the failure of the muscular valve (sphincter) that separates the lower end of the esophagus from the stomach. When this valve becomes weak, it can allow stomach acid and contents up into your esophagus, causing GERD and sometimes, bad breath. H. Pylori can also cause and/or exacerbate GERD.

3. SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth)

Because the small intestine is designed for nutritional absorption and has less digestive enzymes than the stomach, bacterial overgrowth can occur in this organ. 80% of people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) also have Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth SIBO and can develop SIBO after gastric infections. Gasses produced in SIBO are the major cause of complaint and may cause bad breath. 

4. Irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's Disease, Celiac Disease

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder of the digestive system. Most commonly, patients suffer recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits such as constipation, diarrhea or both. Both Crohn’s and celiac disease may limit digestion, providing more undigested food for sulfur-reducing bacteria to break down. This generates more hydrogen sulfide and can cause halitosis.

5. Digestive System Infection (Giardia)

A specific digestive system infection can cause bad breath. Giardiasis is a diarrheal disease caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia which can infect humans via food or water.  

Other gut problems causing breath issues:

• Gallbladder dysfunction, gallstones or gallbladder removal
• Constipation 
• Gastroparesis
• Pyloric Stenosis

 If you have a problem with bad breath please contact us for a consultation appointment.

Gum recession is a condition in which the gum tissue that surrounds the teeth pulls back or ‘recedes’ from the tooth, exposing more of the tooth and possibly the tooth's root. There are several factors that can cause gum recession, including:

1. Brushing too hard or using a toothbrush with hard bristles.
2. Periodontal disease: This bacterial infection can cause inflammation and damage to the gums and bone, leading to loss of tissue around the tooth.
3. Clenching or grinding of teeth (bruxism): This can put excessive pressure on the teeth and gums, leading to recession.
4. Genetics: Some people may be more prone to gum recession due to inherited traits such as inclined teeth, thin bone, thin tissue, and tissue loss.
5. Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those that occur during pregnancy, can make gums more susceptible to recession because hormones can cause an increase in the bacteria that lead to tissue loss.
6. Tobacco use: Smoking or using smokeless tobacco can increase the risk of gum recession because the hot smoke can cause tissue damage and cause the body’s immune system to break down.
7. Dental misalignment or bad bite: This can put uneven pressure on the teeth and gums, leading to recession.
8. Bad Dental fillings, crowns, veneer: these trap bacteria that can cause gum recession.

It's important to maintain good oral hygiene, to visit the dentist for regular checkup and cleaning, to quit smoking and to address any underlying issues such as bruxism in order to prevent gum recession and other periodontal problems.

Top Questions Asked About Gum Recession

What are the symptoms of gum recession?

The most common symptom of gum recession is the roots showing, sensitive teeth, tooth pain, tooth discoloration, and cavities on the root.

Can gum recession be reversed?

In most cases, gum recession can be reversed with gum grafts. Surgical techniques have been developed such as the Pinhole Surgical Technique that make covering gum recession less invasive.

What is the treatment for gum recession?

Non surgical treatment for gum recession may include deep cleaning, administration of antibiotics, and/or gum surgery to cover exposed roots and thicken lost tissue.

How can I prevent gum recession?

Preventing gum recession can be accomplished with good oral hygiene, visiting the dentist regularly, quitting or not smoking/vaping, and fixing bad bites and/or crowded teeth.

Are there any home remedies for gum recession?

Home remedies for gum recession are using a soft bristled or sensitive tooth brush, using a toothpaste without detergents and abrasives, flossing/brushing regularly, and seeing your periodontist as directed.  

Does gum recession mean I have periodontal disease?

Gum recession can be a symptom of periodontal disease, but it can also be caused by other factors such as genetics or aggressive tooth brushing. It's important to visit your periodontist for a proper diagnosis and treatment advice.

Can gum recession affect my overall health?

Research has shown a link between gum disease and systemic health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. It's important to address gum recession in order to maintain overall health.

For more information, please contact us for a consultation appointment.

1. Gastrointestinal disorders: Gastrointestinal problems such as gut dysbiosis, acid reflux, GERD, or H. Pylori (stomach ulcers) can cause bad breath.
2. Sinus infections, Lung disorders, or other respiratory problems: Bacteria in the sinus, lungs, nasal passages, can produce post nasal drip that leak into the mouth and cause bad breath.
3. Medications: Certain medications can cause dry mouth and saliva is important to maintain good breath.
4. Dehydration: When the mouth is dry, it can't produce enough saliva to wash away bacteria and food particles, leading to bad breath. Saliva is also protective and fights bad breath odors.
5. Food: In certain cultures foods like onion, garlic, and other spices are associated with bad breath.
6. Fasting diets: Fat breakdown in rapid fashion can cause ketonic breath or ketones in the breath and that can cause bad breath.
7. Autoimmune disorders such as sjogrens syndrome can lead to dry mouth and breakdown of immunity that can stop bacterial overgrowth.

Frequently Asked Questions About Bad Breath

How can I tell if I have bad breath? 

The most accurate way to test for bad breath is to go to a dentist specializing in bad breath and they will perform a gas chromatography test to measure the sulfur gasses in your breath. Another way to check for bad breath is to lick the back of your wrist (wrist lick test), let the saliva dry, and then smell it. A third way is to scrape the back of your tongue with a spoon and smell the residue.

How can I get rid of bad breath?

 Treatment for bad breath depends on the underlying cause. If the problem is coming from your mouth, you can see your periodontist for cleanings and customized antibiotics creams/rinses to remove the problem. If the problem is coming from your gut, the bacteria/acids in your digestive tract need to be fixed.

What can I do at home for bad breath?

Brushing and flossing regularly, using an appropriate mouthwash, scraping the back of the tongue can help remove bacteria and food particles that can cause bad breath, and using a xylitol mouth spray can increase saliva flow and freshen breath. Drinking water throughout the day can also help to keep the mouth hydrated and prevent dry mouth.

Can bad breath be caused by a medical condition?

Yes, bad breath can be caused by a variety of medical conditions including inflammatory bowel diseases, gut dysbiosis, leaky gut, gastric ulcers, SIBO, chronic sinus infections, postnasal drip, acid reflux, and certain lung and throat infections.

Is bad breath a sign of poor oral hygiene?

Bad breath can be caused by poor oral hygiene, but it can also be caused by a variety of other factors, including taking certain medications and having certain illnesses.

Can smoking or vaping cause bad breath?

Yes, smoking and/or vaping can cause bad breath, as well as other oral health problems such as stained teeth and an increased risk of gum disease.

Can bad breath be a sign of a more serious health problem?

In some cases, bad breath can be a sign of a more serious health problem, such as diabetes, inflammatory bowel problems, leaky gut, stomach/duodenal ulcers, kidney or liver disease, or certain types of cancer.

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